Xtremehorticulture

Mushrooms Compared to Plants (Mushrooms ((Fungi)) are Considered “Plants”)

Q. The area where mushrooms grow best gets full sun all day. I had my almond tree removed. The roots were ground out, also a year ago. I think the mushrooms came with the dirty lawnmowers from the people that did my lawn last year. But two days ago, I poured straight vinegar on them. Yesterday they looked dead. But just to be safe, I bought some more cheap vinegar to pour over them if there are new mushrooms. I turned the lawn sprinkler off for 2 days so far. No more water! These were mushrooms after they lost their “caps”. Notice how mushrooms grow best with some food (woodchips), water (rain or irrigation) in contact with soil. A. Mixing soil with wood chips, together with water, is the perfect environment for mushrooms to grow during warm weather. Using a “stump grinder” and mixing those woodchips with the soil, in the presence of water, makes mushrooms. This is why mushrooms, in the presence of rotting wood, magically “appear” after a rain. The woodchips that are constantly being irrigated are gone. The wood has decomposed. The wood did amend the soil, but the small “chunks” of wood (woodchips) are gone. They were “dissolved” or decomposed. But not woodchips exposed to the rain! Those are in usually dry areas. Mushrooms (and the mycelia produced) are part of the decomposition process. Too bad some are disgusting or toxic and cause dogs that eat them to vomit. Mushroom are what we see after it rains. Just like flowering plants that flower after a rain, mushrooms “flower” after a rain as well. Except we see mushrooms. Underneath those “caps” are gill slits that release spores or seed. Some mycelia don’t produce mushrooms but many do. It can get quite complicated. The only things missing compared to plants is light (mushrooms grow best in darkness) and roots. Instead, mushrooms have “mycelia” (a “mycelial mat”, as its called, which spreads wherever mushrooms grow). Just like plants, the first to grow are the mycelia or “roots” of mushrooms. The mycelia are responsible from breaking down the “wood” and taking up nutrients. If there is enough water present (rain or increased humidity) then appear the mushrooms. Oftentimes mushrooms are not visible until after it rains but the mycelia (if there is some irrigation) are still responsible for getting the nutrients out of the woodchips. They are digesting wood even if we don’t see “mushrooms”. Mushrooms are just there for reproducing. My guess is that the mushrooms were not brought in by the mowers, perhaps the spawn (mushroom “seed” or mycelia) were but not the mushrooms themselves. Mushrooms are just evidence that sex was involved. Once established mushrooms (mycelia) continue to feed on decaying wood until the wood has decomposed and is gone. Their food is then gone. Some mycelia have a “waiting stage” and others die. But the soil is improved and becomes darker. Mushrooms are easy to kill. They last about two or three days when it’s warm. Next time use a rake and knock them down. Or let them have some fun! Save your vinegar, along with the seasonings, for pickling.  

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Spring Rain Can Bring Several Problems to Landscapes

The rain this past weekend may have brought some problems along with it, the same as it did last year after a rain like this. Problems might develop during the coming week or, with some plants, even extend into May or later. Japanese euonymous with powdery mildew Plants like roses may show signs of powdery mildew disease. This disease is aggravated by cool, wet weather, splashing rain, followed by warm weather. It appears as a white powdery dust on the leaves that can kill them. This disease is usually weak in our climate mostly because of our low humidity and cloudless days. Rose with powdery mildew Pull off a few leaves so air can circulate through the plants and allow them dry out naturally. Apply a preventive spray of a conventional fungicide for roses, sulfur dust or Neem oil. Lower humidity, air movement and sunlight in the coming days may clear up this problem without pesticides on some plants. Fire blight in pear             Another problem on European and Asian pear as well as some apples is fire blight. This disease is particularly virulent too many members of the Rose family such as many of our fruit trees. If these trees were flowering during this rain it is possible this disease may show its ugly head toward the beginning of May. Look for jet black dieback on new growth, usually very close to the infected flowers. Classic symptoms of fire blight in pear Cut out these stems or branches 12 inches below the infection and sterilize pruning tools after each cut. Bag these infected plant parts and get them off of your property. Pomegranate disease due to wet spring weather             Pomegranates that are flowering may develop fruit with a black interior later in the season. This disease can be the result of wet weather when they are flowering. This disease may not appear on fruit until quite a bit later in the season. It does not spread beyond the fruit and the fruit is inedible. Mushrooms popping up in wood mulch after rain             Mushrooms frequently pop out of the ground after a rain like this. Nothing to worry about but knock them over with a rake and keep them away from your pets. They are feeding off of decaying wood or wood chips in the soil or on the soil surface. They are good guys.

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Puffballs and Other Mushrooms Comon to Desert Landscapes

Q. These odd things grow in my back yard from time to time and I was wondering what they are. Do you know? A. Try looking at this page on my blog.  Puffballs  I think they look like one of the puffballs that sits below ground. Fleshy, but they open up and look kind of disgusting. If this is it (hard to tell from the pic) then this should explain most of what you want to know. There is a rather complicated discussion about these living things online at several locations. Here is one by the self proclaimed “mushroom expert”. Puffballs from the expert Mushrooms growing in the wood mulch at the orchard after a rain. They are working on breaking down the wood mulch and recycling nutrients into the soil They are a mushroom and of course, like all mushrooms, feed off of dead, decaying organic matter rotting underground or on the soil surface. They are a fungal organism, a good one, most in the mushroom category called basidiomycete. They are decomposers, one of a many of different types of decomposers that aid in breaking down complicated, formerly living things, into much simpler components. They aid in enriching the soil in this process.    Underground mushroom, most likely a type of puffball called a peziza The spores or “seeds” of the mushroom begin growing with the right environment and food source. This includes enough moisture for growth and survival. In the desert the growth of these organisms frequently coincide with rain and warmer weather or some sort of irrigation presence. Germination of the spore leads to the spread of microscopic “webbing” or mycelium that acts much the same way that higher plants use roots, rhizomes and stolons. As this fungal organism matures most will develop some way to propagate itself in a way that is much more efficient over longer distances than developing the “webbing”.  Mushroom sexual stage, the one we recognize and draws our attention They develop a “sexual” stage (usually some sort of fleshy organ that can be somewhat similar in appearance to the mushrooms we buy in the store). These can appear to be like round balls growing on the surface of the soil (puffballs) or round balls below the surface. Each type has its own characteristic form or shape that helps us categorize them. Some mushrooms don’t have a form we can easily recognize but the sexual stage is what draws our attention like this slime mold that I get questions about every year. Again, usually after a rain during cooler weather. Slime mold, looks like “vomit” but can be easily destroyed with a rake and a stream of water I have had reports that dogs will eat these, usually resulting in the dog throwing up and having a sore tummy for awhile but seldom serious. Check with your veterinarian.

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The Birdsnest Mushrooms in Your Mulch – Kids Will Love Them!

Reader’s “pods found in the garden. All of these might nearly fit on a quarter to give you a rough idea of their size. Q. I figured I can’t let more than three months go by without pestering you with a question! Attached are two photos of some mystery pods I found in the garden when doing some clean up. One is with the pods closed, and the second is with them open and with what appears to be small black seeds. Any idea what this is?   A. These are not pods at all but what is called birds nest mushrooms. These do look like tiny little pods with black seed like things inside them. Like other mushrooms or saprophytic (feed off of dead things) fungi they “feed” of off decaying organic matter in the soil. We can see these fairly commonly in compost heaps, decaying mulches or other places where organic waste is decomposing. They are interesting and kids love these little things. Unopened or just opening “pods” of the reader             Nothing to worry about. They feed off of DEAD plants so no harm to living plants or you. They are decomposers so they help to break down litter on or in the soil after or during a warm wet period. I attached a fact sheet from Texas A and M on this interesting form of plant life. I will post your pictures on my blog for others to see them.   Birdsnest and other inhabitants of wood chips and compost

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This Thing in My Lawn and Dwarf Fig

Q. This thing is throughout my lawn and I don’t know what it is. Can you tell by the picture? I also want a dwarf fig and the local nurseries do not carry them. I looked on the web and found several and wondering what one you might recommend. A. The lawn grass picture is not something that I recognize immediately. The first two things that come to mind are the mushrooms that pop up in lawns after some rains and during the cool times of the year and earthworms surfacing and pushing up soil.             It is hard to see it from the picture but the mushrooms make the most sense. These do not look like typical mushrooms since they don’t have the caps that normal mushrooms have and so homeowners immediate response is to say no it’s not a mushroom.             These mushrooms come from decaying organic material in the soil like woody soil amendments were buried or even dying roots from trees and shrubs. Sometimes they look like vomit (sorry for being coarse) on the lawn or wood mulch. They will disappear with the heat and as they exhaust the supply of wood in the soil.             If it is the mushroom then just destroy the mushrooms with a rake turned upside down. If it is earthworms, jump up and down for joy (not on the lawn) and punch some more holes in the lawn with an aerator. I don’t think I was much help on this one.             Blackjack fig is a good one and stays somewhat small and I see it in most nurseries.

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