Xtremehorticulture

Mushrooms Compared to Plants (Mushrooms ((Fungi)) are Considered “Plants”)

Q. The area where mushrooms grow best gets full sun all day. I had my almond tree removed. The roots were ground out, also a year ago. I think the mushrooms came with the dirty lawnmowers from the people that did my lawn last year. But two days ago, I poured straight vinegar on them. Yesterday they looked dead. But just to be safe, I bought some more cheap vinegar to pour over them if there are new mushrooms. I turned the lawn sprinkler off for 2 days so far. No more water! These were mushrooms after they lost their “caps”. Notice how mushrooms grow best with some food (woodchips), water (rain or irrigation) in contact with soil. A. Mixing soil with wood chips, together with water, is the perfect environment for mushrooms to grow during warm weather. Using a “stump grinder” and mixing those woodchips with the soil, in the presence of water, makes mushrooms. This is why mushrooms, in the presence of rotting wood, magically “appear” after a rain. The woodchips that are constantly being irrigated are gone. The wood has decomposed. The wood did amend the soil, but the small “chunks” of wood (woodchips) are gone. They were “dissolved” or decomposed. But not woodchips exposed to the rain! Those are in usually dry areas. Mushrooms (and the mycelia produced) are part of the decomposition process. Too bad some are disgusting or toxic and cause dogs that eat them to vomit. Mushroom are what we see after it rains. Just like flowering plants that flower after a rain, mushrooms “flower” after a rain as well. Except we see mushrooms. Underneath those “caps” are gill slits that release spores or seed. Some mycelia don’t produce mushrooms but many do. It can get quite complicated. The only things missing compared to plants is light (mushrooms grow best in darkness) and roots. Instead, mushrooms have “mycelia” (a “mycelial mat”, as its called, which spreads wherever mushrooms grow). Just like plants, the first to grow are the mycelia or “roots” of mushrooms. The mycelia are responsible from breaking down the “wood” and taking up nutrients. If there is enough water present (rain or increased humidity) then appear the mushrooms. Oftentimes mushrooms are not visible until after it rains but the mycelia (if there is some irrigation) are still responsible for getting the nutrients out of the woodchips. They are digesting wood even if we don’t see “mushrooms”. Mushrooms are just there for reproducing. My guess is that the mushrooms were not brought in by the mowers, perhaps the spawn (mushroom “seed” or mycelia) were but not the mushrooms themselves. Mushrooms are just evidence that sex was involved. Once established mushrooms (mycelia) continue to feed on decaying wood until the wood has decomposed and is gone. Their food is then gone. Some mycelia have a “waiting stage” and others die. But the soil is improved and becomes darker. Mushrooms are easy to kill. They last about two or three days when it’s warm. Next time use a rake and knock them down. Or let them have some fun! Save your vinegar, along with the seasonings, for pickling.  

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Where to Get Free Woodchips in Las Vegas?

Q. In one of your previous articles you mentioned free woodchips. Where do you go to get them? Woodchips are different from bark chips. Bark chips are prettier, but they float and blow away in moderate wind. Woodchips don’t do that. They don’t easily blow away (I have personally seen them withstand 70 mph gusts) or float. Woodchips should be applied at least 2 – 3 inches deep to control weeds and conserve water. Woodchips rot into the soil (where its wet) and improve it by increasing its organic matter content. A. You have to travel to North Las Vegas, but you can get a pick up load or trash bag full from the University Orchard. Call 702-257-5555 and get an update from the Master Gardeners regarding woodchip availability and what days and hours to get them. Woodchips are usually available on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays in the mornings (except holidays). Woodchips are usually available in North Las Vegas (in the Aliante area) about 100 yards east of North Decatur and Horse Drive at the Center for Urban Water Conservation. Bark chips or bark mulch floats in water and blows in the wind. It resists soil rotting. It is inferior to woodchips (chopped up) from the entire tree.              Woodchips are different from bark chips. Bark chips blow in the wind, resist soil decay and are water proof. Woodchips are made from grinding the entire tree so it can be taken to the dump. Yes, it includes bark woodchips but it is a smaller percentage of the chips and it is mixed together. Woodchips includes ALL of the tree ground up into woodchips, not just the bark.  The weed in the picture is perennial nightshade and, along with bermudagrass, will grow through the woodchip mulch. Why? Because they are perennial and push through two inch mulch. Most weeds controlled by a surface mulch like woodchips are annual weeds. Most first weeds are are annuals.              Bark woodchips are pretty. They make a prettier looking surface mulch. If you want your surface mulch to look pretty, then use a bark mulch. Or use both separated in layers.  Bark chip (bark mulch) doesn’t rot as easily as woodchips because the bark is made to be weather resistant.             Tree woodchips are not as pretty but functional. When laid on top of the soil in a layer at least two inches thick it saves water, controls most weeds and improves the soil. This is what can happen if mulch is not used. Annual and perennial weeds have a field day growing. No competition for sunlight, air and water! Weeds have a field day.             Organics in our desert soil is severely lacking. To rot woodchip mulch takes water. Water and organics in the soil are linked. More water applied, more organics in the soil. Most trees and lawns require at least 2% organics in the soil. Vegetables need more, usually closer to 8% for quality vegetables.  Map of the US soil organic matter content (scientists call it soil carbon content) https://extension.umn.edu/soil-management-and-health/soil-organic-matter-cropping-systems How to judge if your soil has organics in it? Use the color first. If your soil is very low in organics it will be closer to light brown or even tan in color. If organics are present, desert soils become darker and start develop some structure. The higher the ‘organic content” in the soil, the darker its color. If a soil has 2% organics in it, it has a color similar coffee with a creamer in it. If it has 8% organics, it is a “chocolate brown” in color. Mojave desert landscape soil in Las Vegas, Nevada Visually is how to judge if organics should be applied to Mojave desert soils or not. In most Mojave desert soils, we judge a soils “organic content” from its darker color. That’s because it starts off light tan in color. If your soil has a darker color and you can make “dirt bombs”, then adding organics such as woodchips won’t help much when planting trees and shrubs. But that organic content may not be suitable for growing quality vegetables without compost added. A method to use to judge soil organic content is the color of the soil. This is a jar test of a desert soil.

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Wood Chips, Mexican Primrose and Bugs

Q. I was overrun with Mexican primrose but have completed all my weeding.  I am thinking about putting wood chips around my roses to keep the weeds from returning.  Is this a good mulch for the roses? Or might it attract ants or insects I don’t want?  Mexican Primrose is a pretty ground covered the first year but it starts to get a little scraggly in the following years. It looks like it would be easy to control with weed killers. It’s not. A. Mexican primrose is very difficult to get rid of once it gets established. Many weed killers won’t touch it. An effective control technique is to keep removing the top of the plant as soon as it pops up. It takes lots of repetition and plenty of diligence but it works.             Remove the tops by cutting them back with a hoe. Some weed control chemicals “burn” it back and are essentially chemical “hoers”. The basic idea is to let the plant invest it’s energy into growing new, young tops and then remove the tops after they get only a couple of inches tall. This constant removal of the tops exhausts the energy supply stored in the roots and the plant eventually “gives up”. This is where bugs like to hang out in landscapes. They like water and irrigation boxes are where they can usually find plenty of it. The other thing they do is try to crawl into the house when it gets cold. A foundation spray of an effective insecticide applied in the fall when temperatures cool off and using that same spray in irrigation boxes usually keeps them at bay.             Woodchips are a great mulch for roses, combined with an application of compost on the soil surface underneath the woodchips. In my experience, the woodchips are no worse than rock mulch or gravel applied to the soil surface regarding attracting insects.             Insects like to “hang out” in irrigation boxes where there is water. Spraying the inside of the irrigation boxes with an appropriate pesticide every couple of months usually takes care of this problem.

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